Friday, 22 November 2013

Empathy

empathy, n.
Pronunciation:  /ˈɛmpəθɪ/
The power of projecting one's personality into (and so fully comprehending) the object of contemplation.


Definition from the Oxford English Dictionary


Following on from my recent quality improvement blog, I've been thinking a lot about patient centredness and what patient centred care really means. I stated (probably more than was strictly necessary) that I believed that so long as we aimed to provide high quality patient care, quality improvement would naturally occur. I also used a definition of quality which included the term patient centred. I think, therefore, that it is pretty important to reflect on what patient centredness actually is.

I don't actually think patient centred care is a difficult concept. It's all about providing care which focuses on the patient and what they both want and need. What is trickier is working out how to go about actually doing this.

At this point, I'd like to share a favourite video of mine. It's from the Cleveland Clinic in Ohio and, like many things I am likely to blog about, I was first shown it during my MSc teaching. It is slightly "American" in tone, so for those of you who feel you'd prefer a "British" alternative, there is a very similar version produced by Wrightington, Wigan and Leigh NHS Foundation Trust. Both videos end with a quote: "If you knew how they felt, would you treat them differently?".

I don't know who first said "Everyone you meet is fighting a battle you know nothing about. Be kind, always" - it's been attributed to so many people, from Plato to the Dalai Lama. Regardless, I think it sums up the essence of those videos nicely. It is all too easy see a patient's illness in isolation, without considering what else may be happening in someones life. If you don't at least attempt to understand an illness in the context of a patient's wider life, how can you even attempt to work out what they want and need from their healthcare interaction?

I think that really, empathy is what patient-centred care is all about. The most important person in any healthcare setting is the patient. Empathy is a crucial quality for any healthcare professional to possess. Without it, ascertaining what a patient wants and needs (and therefore providing patient centred care) becomes almost impossible.

I'll end this post with a challenge: next time you're about to get frustrated with a patient who has turned up late to an appointment or not taken their medications as directed, just stop and think about what else could be going on in their lives.

Thursday, 17 October 2013

QI

The two letter acronym QI may refer to several things. One is a television quiz show hosted by a personal hero of mine, Stephen Fry. In this context, QI stands for "quite interesting". In a context closer to my heart, it also stands for "quality improvement".

 I was first introduced formally to the concept of quality improvement during my MSc module on "Organising and Delivering High Quality Care", where the motivational and enigmatic Prof Mitch Blair and Dr Bob Klaber (and several of their colleagues) gave us an overview of the concept. Quality Improvement very much does what it says on the tin. It's all about facilitating anything which improves quality. In a healthcare setting (my main focus as that is where I work), this is about ensuring high quality care for all patients. "High quality" may sound a bit fluffy and I was challenged when I suggested at the recent Faculty of Medical Leadership and Management conference that all that we do as healthcare professionals should be underpinned by a desire to provide high quality patient care; it was suggested that we ought to actually focus on delivery of safe care. For clarification, when I refer to the concept of quality in healthcare, I refer to the definition proposed by Don Berwick from the Institute for Healthcare Improvement in the States. He describes high quality care as that which is "safe, effective, patient-centred, timely, efficient, and equitable". As a doctor working in the NHS, that seems like as good a definition as any, and given that it was proposed by one of the world experts in patient safety, I feel relatively justified in saying that providing high quality patient care is not at odds with providing safe patient care!

A worry of mine at the moment is that QI in some establishments is not driven by the desire to improve care. This may sound odd - surely if someone is carrying out a QI project then by definition they wish to improve quality of care? Unfortunately, I fear there is a very real danger that, much like audit (and, to a lesser extent, research), doctors in training see it solely as a tick box exercise which is carried out purely for CV-boosting purposes. I am not alone in holding this concern. I have asked several of my senior colleagues why they feel there is so little drive towards QI amongst my contemporaries, and they have all given me similar replies - we aren't in a competitive deanery, so people don't feel they need to undertake these CV-boosting tasks. To me, this completely misses the point. As healthcare professionals, our motivation should not be solely to get our next job or to pass our ARCP as painlessly as possible. We should be motivated by a desire to provide high quality patient care.

Let's not forget why we went into medicine in the first place - we (mostly) went into this field for the patients. They must still be our focus. Ward rounds, clinics, GPs, ED... They're all there with the aim of providing patient care.

We should *want* to continually improve care, not only to boost our own CVs, but because if providing the best possible care to our patients no longer drives us, we probably need to start thinking about a change of career!

 **addendum** It has been pointed out to me that the definition of quality I quoted comes from the Institute of Medicine; this was modified by the IHI when creating their own goals. Apologies for any confusion caused.

Tuesday, 6 August 2013

FY1 in blog form!

How time flies - I have just got home from my last shift as an FY1! As I mentioned earlier, I was one of the poor sods who started on nights. This seems to be a pattern for me - as I started my second job on nights too, and tomorrow I start my first FY2 job on nights... Despite this run of frankly appalling luck in the rota department (I also did long day Christmas day and nights over New Year), I have had a pretty good year. I have no doubt that newly qualified doctors up and down the country are now anxiously preparing for starting work tomorrow, so I thought I'd write down a few survival tips which I've found useful.

In no particular order, my #tipsfornewdocs

- Ask where things are early on. In a difficult/stressful situation with a sick patient, you don't want to be running around like a headless chicken trying to locate the ECG machine/resus trolley/cannulating equipment etc. Hopefully all of the new FY1s will have done some shadowing on the wards they will be working on so should know this, but for future jobs, find out where all useful things are as soon as you possibly can.

- When a consultant/registrar asks you to request an investigation, clarify exactly what they are looking for. You are unlikely to convince radiology to perform a CT scan unless you have a very good reason - and "my consultant asked for it" is not a good reason!

- If inserting a new cannula or taking a gentamicin level at 5am, check whether the patient is due any other bloods in the morning - they'll thank you for taking them off at the same time and avoiding them being stabbed a second time!

- Find time to eat/drink. You may think you're being efficient by working through lunch but if you then end up fainting and having to go home or being admitted to hospital with urosepsis (and yes, those things have happened to F1s I know) things will be a whole lot more behind than if you'd just taken 20 minutes to have a sandwich and a coffee.

- Keep up with your friends and maintain a social life. Sometimes rotas will mean you don't see friends for months at a time, and working nights and weekends means you'll have to turn down invitations to nights out. Make an effort to socialise when you can. Whilst I wouldn't advocate getting horrifically drunk the night before a shift, popping out for an hour or two rather than missing out entirely may just keep you sane.

- Invest in some decent curtains. There is nothing worse than being exhausted between night shifts but not being able to sleep because it's too bright.

- Be nice to the nurses. Sometimes you won't see eye to eye on things, but be polite and friendly anyway. They're the ones who can make your life a misery if they so choose! Also, they're often very experienced and will have a good idea of what particular consultants like doing in certain situations, so befriend them and listen to their suggestions.

- Feed people. Specifically, your senior colleagues. If you become known for bringing in cupcakes or sweets on a regular basis, people tend to look more favourably upon you.

- If you are asking for an urgent review from another specialty, saying you're phoning on behalf of Prof/Dr/Mr Consultant gets you taken a whole lot more seriously than just saying you're the FY1 (once resulted in the grumpy neuro reg sending his consultant to review someone in 20 minutes). 

I'm sure I'll think of many more - feel free to leave other suggestions as comments and I'll edit this and add them in (with credit to the author).

Best of luck to everyone in their new jobs tomorrow, but especially the new FY1s - you'll be great!

Sunday, 23 June 2013

The Impact Factor

As a budding academic, I hear all too often about the importance of the 'impact factor'; that is, how likely articles from a journal are to be referenced in a later article. It's a somewhat controversial measure of how "good" a journal is, but the journals with the biggest reputations (eg Science, Nature) do seem to have the highest impact factors anyway. Frankly, at my stage, I'm still happy enough if anyone seems interested in publishing something I've been involved in writing so it doesn't particularly bother me if the impact factor is 0.01, but no doubt if things progress then at some point I'll probably have to start choosing to submit to higher impact journals.

Despite just writing a paragraph about it, this blog entry wasn't meant to be about the impact of journals and articles. It was about the impact we have on patients. Sometimes, I think it's easy to get wrapped up in the numbers and figures. A busy day of surgical receiving becomes 4 query appendicitis, 6 diverticulitis, a renal colic, the stab wound in A&E and 3 from GP still to be seen. Another 5 blood results awaited, 3 abdominal films to chase and would radiology please hurry up and report that CT scan. Yes, we care about our patients deeply, but sometimes what we do becomes so routine that we may forget that although this is our 24th acute abdomen, for the patient it's the first time in hospital or the most terrifying thing they've ever experienced. Even for those patients who we see regularly - the chronic pancreatitis after another alcohol binge, the poorly controlled Crohn's disease desperate to avoid a stoma - their interaction with the health service is likely to have a significantly greater impact on them than it does on us. 

I was recently in a bar with a colleague when a lady approached us. "I know you" she said to him. He looked momentarily embarrassed and I assumed he had no idea who she was. Her next sentence took me (although I suspect not him) by surprise. "You're the doctor who saved my husband's life". I didn't go into details with him about what had happened, but it was clear that in the course of going about his daily work he had made a huge difference to this family (and, I suspect, many others). She was very pleasant, updated him with how things were, wished us a good night (and said it was great to see that doctors were humans who you saw drinking in pubs in town like normal people - but that's definitely a different topic...) and went on her way. I was surprised by how very uncomfortable my colleague seemed with this. He muttered something about "just doing my job" to me and returned to his pint. 

The "just a job" attitude is an incredibly difficult one to get right. After more and more guidelines about what we can say on Twitter or the photos we shouldn't put on Facebook, many doctors have become fed up with the constant attempts to control our out of work lives. This has resulted in many of us (myself included) taking the staunch position of "it's only a job". I don't think that this is wrong. I go to work, do my job and hopefully do it well, and then I go home to the kind of social life I choose. I don't believe that drinking more than my recommended alcohol intake or (god forbid) having a cheeky cigarette makes me less competent at what I do. Where this attitude falls down, though, is that it makes us more likely to forget how important what we do is. We're privileged enough to be involved in some of the most important times of families' lives. Let's not forget the impact each of our interactions will have on a patient and their loved ones.

Sunday, 7 April 2013

2 Out Of 3 Ain't Bad...

Or so Meatloaf would have us believe.

Despite what my blog would have you believe, I have actually really enjoyed my first 8 months of working.

My first job, which was in medicine, was tough as there wasn't a lot of senior support and out of hours there was sometimes noone to call other than the consultant if I had concerns - something quite intimidating for a newly qualified junior. However, I worked with mostly lovely people, learned absolutely loads and felt like I really developed as a doctor.

My second job (the one I finished last week) was also medical, and was fantastic. There were a few issues, mostly with other juniors not pulling their weight, but that aside I loved it. I got on especially well with one of the registrars and 2 of the SHOs, but all of my seniors were fantastic. Again, I learned lots and am definitely much more confident in my abilities than I was before I started. I also had chance to get involved with some research, which is great given my academic ambitions.

And now, I have most to general surgery. Eugh. Despite not wanting to be a surgeon, I had thought I would enjoy this rotation. Numerous friends who are medics through and through had told me how much they'd loved their FY1 surgical post. I don't think I will be jumping on that bandwagon though.

A few months ago, I was chatting on Twitter about how I felt I needed to revise some surgery, as after 8 months working in medicine I was a bit rusty. A surgeon on there, who I get on with pretty well, had said I didn't need to know any surgery. I totally unintentionally upset him but saying that I wanted to be able to suggest differentials for emergency admissions so I could order appropriate investigations. I was genuinely confused when he was so angered by my comment that surely I ought to be ordering targetted investigations to confirm or refute a diagnosis and not just going on a fishing trip for information. After all, that's what we were repeatedly taught throughout medical school and it was definitely the case in my medical jobs. It appears that things are slightly different in the surgical world. At induction for this job, we were told that everyone gets the same set of tests ordered and we shouldn't try to work out which were indicated and which weren't - and then I realised that my comment on Twitter had unwittingly criticised the way huge numbers of surgeons expect their juniors to behave (and by implication, criticised them I suppose). It's a big change in the way I think.

I am struggling with the mindlessness involved in this job. A few days in, and I have already discovered that "chase the bloods" literally means "write the results down in a folder". In my previous jobs, I would have been criticised for not acting on results. Now, I'm not expected to act on anything. Yesterday I was chastised for prescribing further NaCl for a patient who had already received several bags. No-one cared that my reason for doing so was that the patient was (still) borderline hyponatraemic and I had checked the blood results before deciding which fluids to write up. It seems I shouldn't try to use my brain, I should just write everyone up for Hartmans, Hartmans, Hartmans.

Of course, there is the distinct possibility that my seniors are just being super-cautious because I have only just started working there. Maybe I will discover that, actually, I am quite happy doing this repetitive kind of work once I adjust to the change. I could settle in and find that actually I love my new job. If not, I've enjoyed 2 of my 3 FY1 jobs. And 2 out of 3 ain't bad.

Sunday, 24 February 2013

Workingman's Blues

"You can hang back or fight your best on the front line
  Sing a little bit of these workingman's blues"

Ok, so technically I'm a working woman rather than a working man, but I like to think that "man" can be considered to mean "man or woman" in those lyrics.

Working is tough, really tough. I didn't go into medicine completely blind. I've worked at least part time pretty much constantly since I turned 16. I've done my fair share of menial jobs and I'm not unaccustomed to 13 hour shifts or 80+ hour weeks. I suppose, then, I was naive when I thought that that would have prepared me somewhat for the life of a junior doctor.

I was raised with a pretty strong work ethic. My parents drilled the "if you want nice things you need to work hard for them" mantra into me from the moment I was old enough to know what it meant, or possibly before. I distinctly remember my Dad being off sick from work when I was about 4. He hasn't had a sick day since; if he can get out of bed, he goes to work. Even in my £3 an hour job when I was 16, I was aware that I was being paid to do something and therefore I ought to do it properly.

All of this has contributed to my utter shock that some days I really struggle to cope with working. It isn't the job - that's pretty straightforward although it can be busy. It isn't really the people - my seniors are generally very supportive. It's me. I cannot escape the feeling that I make an absolutely terrible doctor. I accept that all juniors feel pretty rotten about their ability at some time or other, but this is totally consuming my mind. I can't escape the feeling that I'm utterly useless. The slightest criticism leaves me close to tears and I'm deaf to any praise or compliments I receive. Even if I'm not terrible right now, it's probably a self-fulfilling prophecy that if I believe I'm awful, I'll slip into despondency, stop trying and really be dreadful.

I'd better start working harder. Not at my job. But at my self esteem. And I'm that only one who can do that.

Monday, 31 December 2012

Obligatory "end of year" blogging

2012 is drawing to a close and it's been quite a year!

I'm going to start off by looking back at my resolutions from the start of the year and seeing how I've done. I helpfully wrote them down here so I have no excuses and can't pretend I achieved everything! So, what was I attempting to do?

- Get fit again. Mission failed! I have been a lot more active this year and made a serious effort to walk rather than getting the bus etc etc, but for numerous reasons I haven't really got properly into exercising the way I'd intended to.
- Start eating properly again. Mission partially accomplished. I still have my moments, but am by and large doing a lot better than I was a year ago. This is probably due to finally admitting that I had an issue with things, which is something I should've done years ago.
- Sort out my finances. Mission partially accomplished. I've only been earning "proper" money for 5 months, but the credit card and overdraft are cleared and I'm chipping away at the student debt (albeit slowly).
- Attempt to be more positive. Mission partially accomplished. As with eating, I still have my moments, but I was described at work as "that quine* who never stops smiling" so I must be doing alright! *quine = generic term for female in this neck of the woods.
- Graduate and become a doctor. Mission accomplished!


I'm not going to reflect too much on the year as a whole. There have been ups and downs and happy times and sad times, as there will have been for anyone looking back on a 12 month period. Instead, I think it's time to look forward, and to make another set of resolutions I may well not stick to!

So, in 2013 I hope I will:

- Successfully be signed off for my FY1 jobs, gain full GMC registration and start working as an FY2. Fairly obvious I suppose but getting successfully through my first year of work has absolutely got to be a priority.
- Pass the first year of my MSc and PGCert. As above, fairly obvious, but given what I'm shelling out for tuition fees it would be a very expensive mistake if I didn't study enough towards my courses!
- Get in an application for paediatric specialty training. This will probably surprise absolutely noone, but it's a bit scary thinking that I'll be applying in less than a year. I haven't completely decided whether or not to apply for a normal ST (specialty training) post or for an ACF (academic clinical fellowship) instead, but no doubt I'll blog about the pros and cons of each later.
- Buy a car. I have made so many excuses for not doing things because not owning a car makes them difficult. I need to bite the bullet and get one, especially now money is less of an issue.
- Get fit. Again. I say it every year, but eventually I'll stick to it!

Hope you all enjoy seeing in the New Year. I'll be on night shift, so think of me as you tuck into your champagne and canapes!

xxxx

Monday, 10 December 2012

Survival

Apologies for my protracted absence from the blogosphere! I a few bits and bobs to update on, so I'll try to keep it relatively brief and free from waffle...

- In October I had the first week of teaching for my MSc. I'm studying towards this master's at Imperial, and so far I'm really enjoying it. As well as it being a fun week socially (it was down in London so I stayed with my sister, met @lilDrSunshine who is doing the same course, and caught up with some old friends from school I haven't seen in years), it was also just what I needed from a professional/academic point of view. The lectures were mostly on the foetal and early life origins of disease, which is an area I find very interesting, mostly due to the influence of a certain tutor who has been very supportive over the past few years. We also had some teaching in how to write research proposals, which will prove very useful should I succeed in my goal of becoming an academic. It was really nice just to be thinking again, using my brain to work through proper science. The fact that I didn't check my phone or tweet during any of the lectures just shows how interesting they must have been! I'm now working on my first proper assignment for the course, which is a research proposal - I'll let you know how I get on with it.

- I have survived my first job! Actually, technically I'm not 100% sure whether or not I have as I don't have my final end of placement assessment with my supervisor until Wednesday, so I may have completely failed but I'm banking on my theory that if I was likely to fail someone would have told me already - best not to count my chickens before they're hatched though! Anyway, I have physically and mentally survived my first 4 months as an FY1. Having spoken to a lot of people who've worked on those wards, they're notoriously difficult for junior staff, so I'm hoping my next job will be a bit less stressful! Even if the set up is mostly unchanged, I suppose I have 4 months of experience behind me now. I started my new rotation with 2 night shifts (covering the same wards I covered on nights in my last job) and I'm now on annual leave until 21st December, so I'll let you know how I'm getting on once I've worked my long day on Christmas day and night shifts over New Year!!!

- As mentioned, I've definitely drawn the short straw and am working both Christmas and New Year, however it does mean I have the week off in February I need for the next instalment of MSc teaching. I'm already looking forward to going down, although this time I won't get the overnight train back up north and then work a long weekend (seriously, it isn't recommended).

- I suppose I ought to take some time to reflect on my health at this time. As well health issues having been a worry for me in the past, it's also one of my "Duties as a doctor" (so say the GMC) that I'm aware of my own health and take care of myself. Having been told by various well-meaning people at various points that I would have a major crash in my mood once I started work, I've been pleasantly surprised. Working longish hours and being on my feet most of the days means I'm tired enough that I sleep pretty well when I go to bed. Eating is something to be done quickly when there's time, so it's fairly regimented too. The biggest "problem" I have, if it can even be called that, is that because I work intense bursts of up to 12 days on without a break, I also have quite a lot of free time where I'm  likely to over think. Fortunately I'm focussing on my MSc in this time so I'm keeping my mind nice and busy.

Right, I think that's me relatively up to date. I'll probably blog more in the next few weeks as I procrastinate whilst I try to write this assignment!

xxx

Sunday, 30 September 2012

European Working Time Directive

The current bain of my working life is the European working time directive. Not only are my hours considerably less than someone in my position would have worked a few years ago (yes, that IS a bad thing, but my lack of clinical exposure is a topic for another blog), junior doctors are now subject to "monitoring". This involves having to write down exactly the hours you were working, whether or not you took your breaks and explaining what precisely you were doing if you were late finishing or didn't get a tea break. Should you have the audacity to stay late so as not to hand over a crappy job, or be too busy try to resuscitate a septic patient to go for lunch, you are reminded that you are breaking the law. It is also highly likely that you will be accused of having poor time management skills. I cannot think of another circumstance where commitment to your job, working extra hours for no extra pay and attempting to make life easier for your colleagues leads to criticism. Is it any wonder junior doctors are disillusioned?!!!

Tuesday, 28 August 2012

That's Life, That's What All The People Say...

Well, the past few weeks have been something of an emotional roller coaster. As well as dealing with some very challenging things at work, I've also split with the guy I was seeing (definitely for the best but I'm still gutted) and lost my Nana (we weren't close but I hate seeing my Dad so upset).

My first run of 12 shifts in a row was really quite exhausting. Being able to switch my alarm clock off when I went to bed on Friday felt like a definite luxury. Even though I don't start work particularly early (9am so the alarm goes off around 7), it's amazing how tiring it can feel just knowing there isn't the option of a lie in at all! The weekend in particular was pretty tough as I was working 12.5 hour days on Friday, Saturday and Sunday with very little in the way of senior support.

Being a doctor is much more emotionally demanding than I had anticipated. I'm not sure whether this is because I've also had other stresses in my life or I was just rather naive when I started. I seem to have a lot of patients who are either essentially dying or medically as fit as we can make them but unable to leave the hospital because there are social/care provision issues. I wasn't quite prepared to be discussing end of life care with relatives after only a matter of weeks in the job, nor was I aware that I'd be representing the "medical team" at case conferences and meetings so early in my career.

I'm now on a week of annual leave, which is a bit strange. I hadn't really anticipated having any length of time off so soon after starting work, but we get allocated our leave so someone will always have it in August - and at least I didn't have the first two weeks of the month off like some of my friends did! I'm not doing an awful lot but I get paid on Thursday so maybe I'll do something a bit more exciting when I have some cash...

Nothing more exciting to report, sadly, but my MSc starts in October so I should have something useful to write about then!

xxx